Translation Methods
Newmark (1988b) mentions the difference between translation methods and translation procedures. He writes that, "[w]hile translation methods relate to whole texts, translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language" (p.81). He goes on to refer to the following methods of translation: a. Word-for-word translation In which the SL word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. In another word, t his methods translate the text word by word by their most common meaning is out of context. It is normally effective only for phrase and simple sentence. For example: “I love you” can be translated into Indonesia “ aku cinta kamu”. But it cannot be translated into Japanese because Japanese has different basic sentence pattern Subject (S) + Object (O) + Verb (V) while English has Subject (S) + Verb (V) + (Object). b. Literal translation In which the SL grammatical constr